Discuss how The Heart of Darkness reflects the paradoxes of Essay

Discuss how The Heart of Darkness reflects the paradoxes of imperialism in the late nineteenth century - Essay ExampleThe first paradox of Heart of Darkness refers to how the civilising mission of imperialism resulted to the de benignantisation of the colonisers. When waging imperialism, Europeans assert their moral, social, and intellectual ascendancy, as they aimed to civilise all that is brute and different from their culture. Conrad shows, however, that the Western imperialist man has disconnected his heart to the darkness of imperialism. Maritime Hennard Dutcheil De La Rochere argues that Conrad uses the body of Africa as a trope for the ironic make of European civilisation on colonised countries. De La Rochere asserts the central idea the civilising mission is a phantasmal and moral cure, is radically undermined through an ironic literalisation of the trope (186). Imperialism sees itself as a cure, which must be straight applied to the heart of Africa to cure it of its bac kwardness. The paradox is that the cure harmed the doctors too. In the case of Kurtz, he became consumed of his desire for wealth, so that he would be worthy of his Intended. Imperialism, nevertheless, does not cure the uncivilised, but destroys the civilised and their notion of morality. Kurtz engages in criminal acts of waging wars with other tribes to acquire their ivories. Ivories are expensive they are the symbols of wealth and major power. The concept of a new brio whets Marlows appetite for adventure and fortune too. Despite the skirmish with the inbreds, he desires to see Kurtz to find place the truth. When he learns the truth, he regrets it. Imperialism stains peoples very core, their very soul. William Atkinson argues the horror of imperialism (374) that Conrad criticises. Wealth and power consumes Kurtzs humanity. He is sick, not only because of living in a strange land, but more so because of the sickness of being an imperialist tool for human exploitation. The hor ror that captivates his last moments on primer coat is his horror and the horror of every European who sets foot on foreign lands to abuse the natives and their resources. The second paradox is that imperialism do not truly civilise the natives, but produces the counter-effect of large-scale dehumanisation that mars both native and Western civilisations. Dehumanisation occurs because of racial prejudice. Hunt Hawkins believes that Conrad criticises imperialisms goals and means. When Marlow gets the first glimpse of the companys chief accountants clean appearance, he appreciates it as a miracle (Conrad 15). The miracle is an unsound image because miracles are holy. Later, as the accountant makes go under entries of perfectly correct transactions (Conrad 16), with the sick agent on his bed and a few feet away, Africans begin in grove of death (Conrad 16), Conrad is disgusted. A clean outer experience does not have meaning when inside it is a cold soul. Another form of dehumanisati on can be seen in the effectuate of imperialism. Instead of curing people, Europeans impregnated them with capitalist ideas that destroyed their collectivist way of life. De La Rochere underscores that the embodiment of the jungle emphasises the human suffering this civilising mission inflicts (186). Instead of developing the minds and virtues of the natives, the whites only corrupted them with their materialistic and individualistic concerns

Rhetorical Audience Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical auditory modality Awareness - Essay ExampleSecondly, in connection to traditional meta physical science from antique Greece as well as Egypt, the relationship of the fifth constituent subsequent to fire, water, soil as well as air, is either, or epitome. It is not unintentional that subsequent to the preamble hypercube succession, we observe Nick Fury involved in secret crinkle below NASA at a dark power scheme in an underground station.Apparently far-fetched, in that location are real profound state black initiatives that rotate just about plasma weapons, principally with H.A.A.R.P., which the Navy has shown off about here. In conventional Greek thinking, not only are in that location five components, but matter as well passes in and out of four stages solid, liquid, gas as well as plasma.Third point, audiences of Tesla will make out the similarity between the foreign coat of arms stolen from Fury in the movie, and the aether-oriented plasma physics Tesla used to wo rk on the prospective for limitless unaffectionate zip fastener, referred to as zero level energy, taken from the atmosphere itself, and also in quantum physics, as Paul Dirac stipulates, energy from the upcoming. It is exciting to observe as well that beneath the enclosure of the dark power name, the real physics Fury along with the military manufacturing complex are partnering with is plasma and aether-oriented, and not normal fare Newtonian structure. It is exactly from this alternating Tesla physics that gives way and clues constantly leak, even in the majority science and movie, as to the authentic concealed metaphysics the establishments super weaponry are founded on.Fifth, only the subsistence of a field of view of energy may account for the movements of the bodies as noted, and its supposition discharges with space curvature. All text on this thing is pointless and destined to forgetfulness. So are all efforts to enlighten the workings of the

Gang Culrure - Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gang Culrure - Methodology - Essay ExampleThe investigator included all individuals regardless of any sort of difference between them, such as, religious, ethnic, racial, and gender differences. The tec aimed to get an insight into factors that promote formation of gangs among youth.The researcher included participants based on following criteria (a) grow limit of 12 tom 18 because this is the age when the risk of joining gangs to get favors is at the highest level, (b) modern or past involvement in gangs, (c) people who had faced some sort of harassment in past, (d) people having good social acceptance, (e) people showing good school performances. The ethical consideration for this concomitant research topic was the privacy of information provided by the participants. The researcher took all participants in confidence by ensuring them that their personal information would not be used elsewhere.The researcher conduced a longitudinal study to run across the differences between pe ople who are part of a gang and those who are not. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire that was mainly designed to investigate the reasons behind formation of groups and the differences between in-gang and not-in-gang people. Data store uped from these surveys provided the researcher with fundamental information regarding the issue. The questionnaire was prepared using Likert scale model and was distributed among participants through emails. The questions included in the questionnaire were good complete to obtain required information. There was no bias in the questions as all of them were general and were meant to gather a particular set of information. Some of the main questions included in the questionnaire wereThese questions were very helpful in getting relevant information about the thoughts and behaviors of people who are part of gangs. The researcher evaluated the questionnaires to determine if passing would be necessary for further study.The

How its made Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How its made - Essay Example23-29, 2005).Sandpaper first came give away in the 13th century, invented by the Chinese when strong and tough materials of that age, such as shell constituents, seeds, and smoothen adhered to parchment rolls through immanent gum obtained from the trees. In those days, people also made use of natural rough surfaces such as fish skin with scales to achieve results similar to that of sandpaper. However, the first invention, which looked much to a greater extent like todays sandpaper came out as grump paper, formed through pieces of glass and sand combined together on paper.By 1716, coated paper came forward in Paris, simply the original invention of sandpaper goes back into 1834 in United States by Isaac Fischer, Jr., ofSpringfield, Vermont. Its grade further alter when it took over another property of also being waterproof in 1916, changing from sandpaper to Wetrodry, which helped rectify the grade quality without acting as a seal upon automotive pa int refinishing. The most erratic use of sandpaper is its application as a musical instrument by Leroy Anderson in his notableSandpaper Ballet (Capotosto, pp. 73, 1991).Sandpaper, no matter with its name specifically refers to surface of paper and sand, in cosmos denies the presence of both the materials, but is completely made of other organic or synthetic minerals and adhesives. there are many materials other than the simple usage of sand and paper, in the development of this multi functioning piece of paper, which give it its unique qualities. Most significantly, the abrading materials, which give it the aggressive wiping ability comes through the combination of many materials. These hold flint, garnet (for wood work), emery (substance used for cleaning metal surfaces), aluminum oxide (giving the paper its metal oxide property), silicon carbide (only used in very fine grits),

Proposal Presentation - Five Guy's Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposal Presentation - quintuple Guys - Term Paper ExampleIn this case, researchers are made to go through an array of honest requirements. There is the need to meet professional and institutional standards as well as those for conducting any research related to human participants. In encourageing steer clear of any estimable quandaries, this research would catch a number of research ethics. First, the researcher would frankly discuss the intellectual property with the participants (Bernardin & Nairn, 2008). More much than not, academic competitiveness leads to trouble depending on who should be credited for authorship. The best way to avoid disagreements on who is to be credited and which order to use, the researcher should talk about the issues at the beginning of the researchers working relationships with the participants and should go over they are put in writing (DiMauro & Grant, 2006). This will act as a tool to help discuss and evaluate the contributions during the r esearch process. Secondly, the researchers would be conscious of multiple roles of the participants. This could be achieved by avoiding relationships that might run to impair the researchers professional performance or could cause harm to others. However, they will have to take communication channel that many multiple relationships are not honorable especially if they could have some adverse set up (Goree, 2006). When recruiting participants in this study, the researchers would have to think carefully before commencing multiple relationships with students. In this case, the researcher would act as a lab supervisor as well as a mentor and would contribute original he or she does not abuse the power to differentiate himself or herself from the participants (Bernardin & Nairn, 2008). The researcher would make certain(a) he/she outlines the nature and structure of mentoring before the mentoring begins. Thirdly, the code of ethics to be upheld during the study would be to make sure the informed consent rules are strictly followed. Doing this properly, the consent process would ensure that the participants voluntarily insert in the research when fully informed of the relevant benefits and risks. Lastly, the researcher would have to consider respecting the confidentiality and privacy of the participants. Respecting item-by-item rights to confidentiality as well as privacy is a key tenet for every researcher (Bernardin & Nairn, 2008). The researcher will, therefore, have to discus confidentiality limits, giving the participants information concerning how their data will be put into use and for them to hunch over the law of the state, as well as taking practical security measures. Failure of observing ethical stipulations may lead to incidences of taboos a common element in the incidents of ethical based violations. However, the task of establishing ad hominem ethics is rather demanding. This is with regard to the essence of ethics in an individuals life. Ad option of get hold of ethical percepts is a demand that is instilled in the person by his or her immediate community. This makes ethics bet inclusive of an expectation as well as the desire to protect ones perception of life (Goree, 2006). Ethical beliefs are regularly challenged, especially during the address of various aggressions in the daily lives. The mastery in the addressing of these challenges implies a positive or impressive performance of our ethical beliefs and research. The development of successful ethical trends is based

Cultural Shock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Shock - Research newspaper publisher ExampleSocial norms and communication characteristics be the basic element of the expectancy violation theory. Expectancy encroachment Theory sees communication as the medium through which people exchange information with one another. conversation can also be used to violate the expectations of another person as either disallow or peremptory depending upon the link between the two people. However, experts also explain this theory as in communicating with others people generally have an expectation of the way the other person will controvert communicatoryly or non-verbally. The Expectancy intrusion Theory assesses the way in which we react to someones non-verbal behavior (Kunda and Thagard, 1996).Cultural shock is when people or a person enters into a new nicety when they migrate to a new place or experience new people around them. The encumbrance they have in adjusting in that culture and amongst the people is known as cultural shock. Expectancy Violation Theory closely related to cultural shock as the people who are new to the beau monde will face difficulties in keeping expectations from the people as to what their reaction will be. As the behaviors are new, there will be vague predictions about the expectations of the people on the communications made whether verbal or non-verbal (Burgoon, 1993).When having a communication with someones, the reaction of the person can either be positive or negative, which means that either the person will smile or will show a rude reaction (Marques, 1990). The theory examines that the people carry expectations when they interact with others and these expectations are from the culture or the individuals in that culture. They make predictions about the non-verbal communications, and there are times when their expectations violate (Jussim et al, 1987).Personal pose refers to a space that has to be maintained while interacting

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Genetically Modified Food - Essay Exampleformer(a) studies resist wide spread and implementation of the technology because of concerns that GMO foods can cross biological boundaries and cause equipment casualty to humans and the environment. Besides safety and environmental aspects, the topic draws a lot of socio-economic concerns, public knowledge and attitude, trust in decision-making institutions and ethical concerns that shape consumer perceptions of the risks posed by GM foods. Public opinion is a powerfulness that should have been taken into account if gene engineering needed to be successful in maturation new product especially the controversial GM foods. The issue of GM food is made coordination compound by the various interested groups, the different perceptions of risk and reward as well as the unconnected perceptions regarding the benefits and costs associated with the controversial products. The answers behind the controversy are complicated ranging from ethical to religious to even possible health and safety impacts posed by the technology in GM foods.Supporters of the genetic modification in foods highlight the premise that the technology is capable of meeting not only the basic food take of the society but also achieving nutritional, environmental and economic benefits to the consumers. Sceptics of GM foods consider this to an unnecessary interference with personality that poses unknown and potentially catastrophic consequences. According to Hossain et al (2003), regardless of the potential of GM foods, they have sure mixed regulatory and public acceptance within the US and other parts of the world. Moreover, regardless of the paramount technological challenges, consumer acceptance of GM foods remains an essential factor that determines the future of the technology. This stems from the scarcity of reliable reading regarding consumer awareness and perception concerning the significant subject. Based on a sample population of students, Hossain et al (2003) rear the students were reluctant to consume food with GM

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economics - Research opus ExampleWhat is critical however is the assumption that governments, in this type of item, tend to adapt expansionary macroeconomic policies in order to stimulate growth and increase in employment level. Depression however, is an entirely different saying of business cycle as it indicates more depressed levels of economic activity. (Krugman and Wells)The current economic situation is quite alarming due to the fact that despite the extensive support from the government, economy is not recovering. The discussion on the double dip recession is heating as many economists feel that US economy specifically may face the double dip recession if timely corrective measures ar not taken. (Elliott). This situation is therefore turning out to be the same situation which America experienced during 1930s as same macroeconomic indicators were not showing satisfactory performance at that time also.This paper allow for therefore attempt to argue that currently America is going through a depression and not the recession as macroeconomic variables are showing same signs as they were during the depression of 1930s.There are key differences between recession and depression as both indicate the degree of severity approach by the economy. Recession is often characterized by the decline in the gross domestic product (GDP) of the verdant by more than a quarter. This decline is often limited to less than 10% decline in GDP of the country. Recession is also characterized by the decline in the industrial production as head as the real income. Whereas depression is considered as an economic situation where the overall economy shrink by more than 10% over the period of one year in any given period. indeed the difference between the two is really dependent upon the length of time the economy experience a continuous decline in the key economic variables. Depression therefore indicates a more enroll situation

Product Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Product Costing - Essay ExampleThis implies that, the equal of a finished unit in inventory will allow broadcast materials and labor, and both dogged and variable manufacturing operating expenses. It is notable that, absorption addressing is the most preferred method for external reporting as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Absorption cost is fundamental in tracing the variable be of production and the fixed costs attributed to the production of the product (Riahi, 2001). It is imperative to note that, absorption costing is different from the other costing methods since it takes into account fixed manufacturing overhead (the counting expenses ) such as factory rent, utilities and amortization (Riahi, 2001). Absorption costing forms three different types of costing, which include job order costing, process and ABC costing. problem order costing Considering the job order costing, the costs are assigned to the product in Batches or lots (Avis & Killick, 2009). Job order method is used in companies that offer bespoke or characteristic products or services. It is common in service industries that, serve customers with inimitable needs. Such services may include tracing of the number of hours spent on each individual clients account (Avis & Killick, 2009). Fundamentally, the manufacturing cost categories include verbatim materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. All these jobs are counted as inventory until the good or product is sold. It is essential to note that, the job order cost system requires the manufacturing costs recorded in a document called the job cost sheet. This sheet provides a detailed record of the cost incurred to end up a specific job. Consider the following illustrations that, indicates how three kinds of manufacturing costs are dole out in a job order cost system. Direct materials job cost sheet Direct Labor manufacturing overhead Fixed overhead rate It is noticeable that, direct materials and direc t labor costs are allotted to jobs differently than manufacturing overhead costs. For instance, the direct costs, requires keeping of track of the costs of specific jobs with a set of records referred to as the source documents. Essentially a source document is a hard copy document exchangeable to the receipt issued after payment (Horngren, Datar & Rajan, 2012). However most companies use paperless system where information is stored in electronic databases. On the other hand, manufacturing overhead comprises of the costs that cannot be directly traced to particular jobs. It is imperative to note that, on assigning these jobs, accountants should use a predetermined overhead rate based on some secondary coil allotment measure and cost driver. The material requisition form refers to the form that lists the quantity and cost of the direct materials used in a particular job. This is normally done before materials are used on a job. The fundamental purpose of this form is control the ph ysical outflow of materials from inventory and into production. Similarly, a direct labor time tickets refers to a source document that shows how much time a laborer spends on a range of jobs per week. On the other hand, job cost sheet is a document that gives a summary of all the costs incurred on a specific job. Process costing Process costing refers to a costing method where all costs are

HR Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR centering - Essay ExampleIt is as well responsible for the devising of strategy and its apposite implementation on the round members, conducting training sessions for them and arranging seminars, meetings and discussions for the boosting up of their morale. In addition, forecasting, planning, allocation of resources and keeping the work environment healthy, steady and sedate are also included in the responsibilities of human resource department. Human resource department also maintains equilibrium within the organisation and condemns any type of discriminatory behaviour on the basis of caste, class, community, ethnicity, race, religion, age-group, familiar orientation and sexuality, where no biasness or prejudice could be inflicted upon the employees on the basis of above-described characteristics. HR Managers are commonly the ultimate sources of expert advice and guidance on harassment and discrimination in their centres. They need to be sexual of centres policy but also have an understanding of harassment and discrimination beyond the policies themselves. (Retrieved from genderdiversity.cgiar.org) Consequently, sexual discrimination is strictly prohibited in workplace, and the persons guilty of such acts are liable to be tried at the court of law. The government has strictly condemned gender discrimination in work places at both governmental and private sectors. It has issued decrees and passed anti-discriminatory laws including sex activity Discrimination Act 1975 and the Equal Pay Act, so that the female person employees could also obtain same status equal to men at organisations and work places.Hence, the above-described provisions of Sex Discrimination Act 1975 manifestly view discrimination between men and women on the basis of their gender as the discriminatory one. Though, the act has been in vogue for the last three and half decades, yet it is spotless theoretical in nature as in

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions - Essay ExampleConflict on both locations started when Jews started interfering in the Arabs religion as in the beginning the Israelis were few in population as compared with Arabs. Jews started breaking the promises with Arabs and problems overcame the situation. And now the issue has become an International Issue. Arab side is quite vehement in their perspective and makes it cl atrial auricle to the Israelis what they inadequacy of them. But Israeli side is non going to back up. Another issue is related to the Golan heights, Arabs want Israeli to compromise on the side but Israelis are not ready to leave the side as they want to make the borders strong for the Israel. Talking about the particular situation it is becoming critical day by day as all the Arabian countries are on one side supporting the Arab lodge living in Palestine. If we focus on the solution then Israelis should give an ear to the Arab community and fulfill their promises.2. Articulate the origins an d main motives for unify States involvement in the neck of the woods. Specifically, what are American interests in the region? Was the United States correct for getting involved? Have we made any specific mistakes?United States is continuously supporting the Jews in the Arab-Israeli issue as in 1948 Jews were known to have a innovational nation US are supporting them after the modern Jews community came into being. Throughout the history of Israeli and Arab war depicts the friendly behavior of US towards Jews. US is basically trying to have a region stability in the particular region. Middle-east is like a golden bird which everyone tries to catch and hold. Israelis are continuously expanding their territories in the desert regions and Arab sides, so US is supporting modern Jews and helping them to go with it as they gain with their political concerns. If we recall the history of all the wars Israel has fought it has resulted in their procurement of more estate as a result and so they have grown year after

The Castle Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The fort school of thought - Essay ExampleThis argument showdeterrent examples, according to the report, a privation of faith in law enforcement(The Castle Doctrine). With the police being stretched thin due to an gain in crime, mass dont want to have to wait for law enforcement to come and conserve them especially if they ar in a potentially life threatening situation. The unseasoned Castle Doctrine takes away the vulnerability that people feel in an increasingly violent world and makes them feel safer(The Castle Doctrine). Having this doctrine to back them up is important in order to prevent someone who was provided defending themselves from going to jail as people have the basic right to protect their throw lives, their loved ones, or their property.There are a few different arguments which make up the reasons as to why the New Castle Doctrine is essentially a license to kill. The first reason is that people simply arent very well educated on what this particular doctrin e covers in toll of the situations when a person can defend themselves with deadly force. Most people simply look at this law and believe that they pull up stakes be protected no matter what as long as some sort of crime was committed. Ultimately, this leads into the second argument against the New Castle Doctrine as this typewrite of legislation basically turns people into vigilantes who take justice into their consume hands regardless of the situation. This is illustrated in the case of the gas station clerk who shot a man after he stole a case of beer(The Castle Doctrine). The New Castle Doctrine allows a person to exact their own vengeance even if the punishment does not fit the crime. Finally, those against the New Castle Doctrine believe that it will really hurt the legal and court system within the country as many of these vigilantes are being acquitted of any wrong doings due to their claims that they used deadly force because of the New Castle Doctrine. This might lead to a slew of criminals

Dance Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dance Critical Analysis - Essay ExampleHer body was expert in qualification curved patterns, waves, propels, rises, and drops. Her body movements were quivering and quaking with the music, which was some Egyptian melody. Since I knew that in belly dance, the audience is sibylline to give attention to individual movements of all body parts instead of foot movements, I tight observed the patterns the terpsichorean was making with her body parts, and especially, the belly, which was moving with extraordinary vigor and control. I saw that her hand and arms were moving sinuously, just like serpents fly in the air. The background was striking, and the colors in it and the dancers dress were vivid and bright. The dance itself was very emotion-evoking, as I found the dancer move in the happiness of finding her love. I would love to learn and attempt this dance style, and if I hold out a chance, I would definitely pay to go see this dance in

The Impact of Socio-economic Status on Student Achievement and Essay

The Impact of Socio-economic office on Student Achievement and possible Intervention. Focus Australian gentility - Essay Example matchless may ask, why focus on early childhood education? It has been proven in numerous studies that the early years of any childs life have a formative allude on their learning, development, future health as comfortably as well-being. This forms the justification for this paper. It begins by exploring what exactly ECEC is in various contexts. It then goes on to give a background of the issue, highlighting various theories and schools of thought on the subject. Next, it questiones the Early childhood Education and Care sector in the Australian context. In this section, the paper also highlights the different ECEC service types, particularly LDC, FDC, OSHC, IHC, preschool, Occasional care as well as the non-mainstream ECEC serve. Next, it goes on to discuss the problems hindering the provision of quality ECEC services in Kenya. It then goes ahead t o explain the role of organisation in the provision of high quality education in general, and in ECEC sector in particular, with a focus on how Government intervention affects disadvantaged children. Then, the paper goes into highlighting the specific roles of the Australian as well as State and Territory governments in the ECEC sector, and how regulation can ensure the provision of high-quality ECEC services to all children, regardless of their family background. Introduction The level of student success in todays education context is determined by a wide range of factors. This paper seeks to focus on the socio-economic experimental condition as a factor in student achievement, with a focus on the Early Childhood Education and Care sector in Australia. It is proven that the early years of any childs life have a formative impact on their learning, development, future health as well as well-being. If the child is exposed to affirmatory experiences in their formative years, it will also have positive outcomes in their future (Waldfogel, 2007). Research has revealed that, despite its importance, the level of quality of ECEC services may not be as high as it ought to be. This is mainly caused by disjointed policy approaches and information asymmetry among otherwise factors. These issues have been discussed in more detail further into the paper. However, the government of any nation has a province to ensure that the quality of ECEC services to all the states children, regardless of economic background, as the nice provision of this has bearing on economic development through adequate workforce participation (Smart, Sanson, Baxter, Edwards and Hayes, 2008). comment of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) Waldfogel (2007) reveals that early childhood education can simply be defined as the process of administering formal teaching and care of children by people who are not part of their family, or is outside their respective home setting. Early childhood re fers to the age before median(prenominal) schooling, that is, between birth and five years of age. However, this definition varies between different nations for example, the United States National tie-up for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) defines early childhood as before the age of eight (Waldfogel, 2007). Background A childs needs in the early years are very different from those of aged children. This is because early childhood sees the greatest growth and development. The stages are such that the brain develops

Budgets and Budgeting Process Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budgets and Budgeting Process - Math Problem ExampleFor this it is important that the caller-up take an initiative to put in place proper systems for tracing costs and allocation of budget. By installing these systems, we will be in a unvoiceder position to generate true financial statements. And as you must be awake that strong systems of a federation play a vital role in determine the c ar price of the initial public offering and the approaching share performance when the lodge shares are traded in the secondary market, therefore, it is important that we as a company, focused on growth, should concentrate on developing strong systems for our company. Recent researches conduct on the importance of destinyting up a budget for a company has revealed new and intriguing proceeds or a budget document. A budget of a company enables it to limit its expenditures, predict future income, profits and potential return on investment. Company budget has scram a mean by which a company can practice control over its demonstratees, and watch form of bonuses for its employees. However, in order to have an accurate budget, it is important that the companys management takes insert from every process possessor. It is of utmost importance that every process owner understands the corporate goals and objectives, and aligns their activities in accordance of rights with these goals and objectives. By setting up benchmarks in place by content of a budget, we would be in a better position to assess the performance of a process owner and set his satisfy for his job accordingly. Moreover, by forming a budget, we would be in a better position to set future goals for our company and tailor our current assembly line model in accordance with the dynamics of our business environment. This utility of a budget will help us to ensure that our company is in... From this study it is clear that a budget of a company enables it to limit its expenditures, predict future income, prof its and potential return on investment. Company budget has become a mean by which a company can exert control over its processes, and decide form of bonuses for its employees. However, in order to have an accurate budget, it is important that the companys management takes input from every process owner. It is of utmost importance that every process owner understands the corporate goals and objectives, and aligns their activities in accordance with these goals and objectives. By setting up benchmarks in place by means of a budget, we would be in a better position to assess the performance of a process owner and set his reward for his job accordingly. We need to be sure that every penny that we are investing in our operations is producing a substantial return, therefore, it is important that we take an initiative to generate an knowledgeable company budget.As the discussion highlights by forming a budget, we would be in a better position to set future goals for our company and tailor our current business model in accordance with the dynamics of our business environment. This utility of a budget will help us to ensure that our company is in a position to face unprecedented business circumstances. And since our current environment is extremely volatile, therefore, it would be a goodness idea to take precautionary measures that will ensure the survival this enterprise.

Negative Feedback Essay Example for Free

proscribe Feedback look forNegative feedback is the process by which the outputs tend to reduce the inputs, which causes the system to stabilize. It is found in many functions that organisms pay out on a daily basis, most notably homeostasis. Negative feedback basis be seen during the catamenial cycle, during days 5-10 oestrogen levels slowly rise, this increase causes the release of the hormones FSH and LH to be inhibited. Also in low concentrations progesterone has a negative feedback effect on FSH, this means that more follicles cant be stimulated during the second half of the cycle. Moreover, once levels of progesterone are high, it inhibits the production of the hormone LH, meaning the corpus luteum is no longer stimulated to make progesterone, so it could be said that progesterone effectively turns itself forth unless pregnancy occurs. Negative feedback can to a fault be witnessed in childhood growth, the pituitary gland produces thyroidal stimulating hormone, which is used to create the materials necessary to grow. The amount of TSH produced is controlled by negative feedback. Homeostasis, or the alimentation of a constant internal environment is also mainly controlled by negative feedback.For example, thermoregulation works because if the temperature travel below normal the body will initiate a response such as shivering, hitherto as the temperature returns to normal the corrective mechanism will be reduced. Similarily negative feedback also controls Osmoregulation, if osmoreceptors detect diverge in the concentration of the blood, for example it may be too high the hormone ADH is released which targets the distal convulated tubule, causing it to become more permeable to water so that more is reabsorbed into the blood, reducing the concentration.Negative feedback is also a crucial part of controlling blood glucose levels, for example if the islets of Langerhans detect a fall in blood glucose levels, the alpha cells release glucagon, which in turn activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose within cells so it can be released in to the blood. As the levels of glucose in the blood increase the amount of glucagon released will decrease until it reaches normal. Negative feedback is an essential process that helps regulate many of the processes that enable us to live.

Education Essay Example for Free

Education EssayCurriculum is defined as a program of courses to be comprisen in pursuit of a degree or other objective (Harvey, 2004). Meanwhile, the tests may impact the local anesthetic curriculum in such a way that it be lie withs strengthened and enriched (Seattle Public Schools, 2007). Let us take for instance, the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, which is actually a series of tests that assists ensure that student exit grasp the foundational skills and knowledge that educator, parents, nd community leaders say are important to their success in life (Bergeson, n. d. ).Since the Washington Assessment of Student Learning helps determine the performance of each student, as soundly as, the school, this is then utilized to improve teaching and to do a better job of meeting every students academic needs (Bergeson, n. d. ). Another proof that tests impact on curriculum is the position that the Washington Assessment of Student Learning is established to create a set of common study standards (Bergeson, n. . ).This means that the test indeed helpful in the curriculum, for without the existence of common learning standards, nothing go away be improved on the part of curriculum (Bergeson, n. d. ). Last but not least, if a accepted student fails in the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, the performance of the student will be tackled with the teacher along with an authorized employee from the Advanced Learning Office (Bergeson, n. d. ).They will then try to come up with an individualized action plan which outlines what interventions will be put into place and what types of assessments will be administered to monitor student academic growth (Seattle Public Schools, 2007). This now serves as the individual curriculum of the student which may turn into the schools curriculum if the students have the same case as the aforementioned(prenominal) (Seattle Public Schools, 2007). On a final note, as backed up in the aforementioned, tests then gr eatly impact local curriculum.

What Is Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

What Is deprecative Thinking Essay circumstantial thinking to me way of life a way of thinking that helps us say what has been observed or being observed. With being a critical thinker it renders us take bang of our minds and our thoughts. Its also a way to help us to analyze, reasonable and reflective thoughts. Distinguishing from your exitingness and your feelings are the awaken of oneself and should always be an experience for you in the realm of knowing that once the mission is complete you will then have acquired more knowledge for oneself. While reading, Elder, L. (2007, 09).The Ctitical Thinking community. Our Concept and Definition of precise Thinking. Retrieved 09, 2007, from http//www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411 it states that Critical thinking is that mode of thinking about any subject, content, or problem in which the thinker improves the whole step of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing , and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and cognisant command of their use. Just knowing that once you identify and evaluate the evidence it will then allow you to start the ability to apply logic and reasoning for the situation at hand. With having the ability of taking stick of your mind and thoughts defines to me what critical thinking really means. While continuing my research I noticed that in that location where so many different ways that Critical Thinking was mentioned. I found in Michael Scriven and Richard Paul. (2003).Defiing Critical Thinking. (http//www. criticalthinking.org/University/univclass/Defi ning.html, that its clear to me that in order to get down to the bottom of what is really Critical Thinking means is to take the word Critical which means inclined to bechance fault or to judge with severity, much too readily or it means involving skillful judgment as to truth, merit, etc., Found on the dictionary.reference.com site. Then take the word thinking which means the action of using ones mind to produce thoughts or involving skillful judgment as to truth, merit and thats found in the http//www.merriam-webster.com site. While taking the dickens words by themselves I came up with critical thinking is to making a judgment to find truth through formed thoughts and the ability to using logical reasons.

The Importance of Sport Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Sport EssayOn galore(postnominal) levels is sport very important to each and every one of us for a assorted number of reasons. First of all sport and fitness is what helps us keep in shape and put up healthy which is key to living a long and happy life. There are many benefits to organism fit first of all you will have much better health, and a better tree trunk image which in turn may help your self-esteem. Another major importance to sport is that on that point are so many career opportunities in the athletic field such as secondary school teacher, pro athlete, sports analysts, physiotherapist, personal trainer, and many more. Also sports can be used as a var. relief to just build away from it all and shoot some hoops or crook pond hockey. From a personal level I have made many friends from contend rep hockey 4 times a week to pick up football on the weekends and many if not all of my friends Ive met playing sports both Rep and High school.On that n ote on that point are both positive and negative attributes of playing for your school or rep team. For school you get to play with you group of friends and represent your school, although it may not be the highest level of competition its capital fun and a lot better than doing nothing. With playing rep you get to diversify your friend group, forecastfully play at a high level but it does consume your life with your sport not leaving much room for a job or school work.Whichever one you choose it doesnt matter youre getting out there and doing something your love to do. To finish up I hope to be involved in sports as long as I possibly can so far though I am not competing at a high level right at a time I hope still be playing hockey with my friends in college and after that still playing with them in a beer league somewhere, and after that possibly coach my kids sports teams as much as I can and showing them the tricks of the trade and isnt that what its all about?

Why Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Why philosophy EssayThis paper is some the six questions in Philosophy I gave my originators and principles iodine why I olfactory sensation a certain way on each of the questions and after reading I hope you feed a better take on Why Philosophy 1. Metaphysics what is currently? Well a curing of quite a little would say that real is anything that could be touched, seen, smelled, or tasted using one of the five minds. But as a Christian I have to disagree I believe that you have to have assurance in the fact that somethings are real weather or not you can sense them with the five senses.Take heaven and hell I believe that these are very real real places although I never seen touch smelled or tasted either one. So how do I make out it is real well faith. I have never been to the Grand Canyon but I know that it is real with that organism said how we know that heaven and hell is not real. 2. Epistemology what is the relationship between faith and reason? Reason is to believe what can be proven math and science laws of gravity and physics nada left to the imagination if you have reason and then there is no need for faith.Whereas faith is the belief in things unseen there is a lot of issue with these two and the fact that if youre a person of reason there is no room for faith the problem with that is that science does not excuse everything so there has to be room for faith I without faith life is useless and you tangle witht have anything to live for. 3. Ethics Is morality culturally based individually based or is there a universal morality? I have to say that this was a tough one to answer because really the answer is all three.Culturally based morality is learned through the interactions with the people with in your culture usually starting with the parent or guardian. There is also church or the village chieftain. Then there is the individual morality this take place after you been taught and raised and then you choose what to become or what your moral code will be will you protect your boyfriend man or will you choose to laws of the street. You then have the around unique morality name and that is the universal morality I call this unique because it is not chosen or learn or gained through life experiences it is automatically instilled in all people.Right and wrong which universal to all the most primitive civilizations understand that it wrong to steal or to murder without ever being taught even criminals know this is wrong they choose to do the wrong and willing to except that the consequences. 4. Aesthetic is beauty truly in the eye of the beholder, or are there some things that all cultures go steady splendid? Yes Beauty is in the eye of the beholder everyone one has there on mind when it comes to what is beautiful and what is not some want roses some tulips and so own this is evident in the people we choose to marry.If everyone agreed on what was beautiful then everyone would look the same or strive to be t he same people find several(predicate) things that they find to beautiful. That is not to say that there are things that a culture find beautiful. Lets take our culture for example people believe that thin woman is what the population of men find beautiful so companies use this fact to exploit that beauty putting them on TVs and billboards. 5. Political Philosophy How much power should the regime have? The government should have a minimal impact on our lives.It is not supposed(a) to bail out private businesses increasing the national debt. The government is not supposed to control the populace it is the populace that control the government. It is not the job of the government to make the decisions for the people. That is the problem with the government today they have too much power. 6. Social Philosophy How should humans behave in a society? Humans in most cases depend on society to live and in tell to function in a society there are certain rules that apply one being laws.Also respect for the others in that particular society. Freedom of speech and some other rights are change magnitude due to the infringement of other peoples rights. The rules are followed because of the convenience of living in a society. Such as supper markets gas station and things like these. Now if one was to live in the wild most of these rules would not apply for there would be no ones rights to intrude on allowing them to do as they please but some rights have to be given up for the pastime of the better good in a society.

Curriculum designing guidelines Essay Example for Free

political platform designing guidelines EssayPurpose The construction of experiences and outcomes that effectively provide progression in each class playing field and convey the values, principles and purposes of A Curriculum for Excellence is central to the success of the program. In particular, it is important that you reflect relevant aspects of the four capacities in your work. If we can get this right these outcomes and experiences will confound a significant, positive, impact on classroom practice and hence on the acquisition experience of altogether children and upstart people. It is an exciting prospect. Starting point In phase 1 each early redirect examination group should be asked to simplify and prioritise the curriculum (from age 3 to 15 in the premiere instance) retaining what currently works well and making changes where these were justified by research evidence. The output from phase 1 of the review process and the rationale for your curriculum study, res earch and other national and international comparators are your outset points.Your work will be based on the relevant parts of the Curriculum Frameworks for Children 3 5, 5 14 guidelines, Standard Grade, and National Qualifications. It is important that experience and outcome statements you write at each Curriculum for Excellence level provide appropriate cognitive demand. The framework for outcomes The experiences and outcomes will sit within a framework of advice to teachers. Curriculum Area The eight curriculum areas are Expressive Arts, Health and Wellbeing, Languages, Maths, Religious and good Education, Science, Social Studies and Technologies.Rationale The rationale provides an overview of the curriculum area states its chief(prenominal) purposes and describes its contribution to the values and purposes. Subsets of the curriculum area Each curriculum area is subdivided either into fields of learning or subjects (e. g. Expressive Arts into art, drama, bounce and medicam ent) or into aspects of learning in that area (e. g. Languages into listening and talking, reading and writing) Lines of development These identify learning tracks in each subset of the curriculum area.They are expressed in different ways in each area of the curriculum. For example within expressive arts they identify the skills to be developed creating, presenting and evaluating in art, drama, dance and music within science they describe broad areas of knowledge and understanding to be developed biodiversity, being benevolent and cells in Our Living World. Experiences and outcomes Within each line of development, experiences and outcomes describe the expected progression in learning for children and young people. Essential outcomes.Essential outcomes are a small number of high level statements, derived from the main purposes described in the rationale, that encapsulate what learning in that curriculum area provides for all children and young people. interpreted together, the essen tial outcomes are intended to sum up the expectations for the broad general education of all young people. The focus of your work will be writing the experiences and outcomes for your curriculum area. It is likely that there will be interplay between what you produce and the essential outcomes , which are the ones helping to shape and refine the other in an iterative aspect manner.Outcomes should be written in the clearest possible English. Where possible these should be accessible to children and young people, but non at the expense of clarity. It is also important to try to write lively and engaging experiences and outcomes. Best Practices of authorship the Curriculum Ultimately the intention is to produce streamlined guidance for the entire curriculum in a single document. We also intend to make the outcomes available in electronic format to allow curriculum leaders and teachers to identify and blend outcomes from both within and beyond curriculum areas. Several stages will be required to achieve this.

Student Teaching Reflection Essay Example for Free

Student dogma Reflection EssayThe class was a very talkative and energetic bunch of students. The class had a high tendency to get off task when working independently, during free time, or in minuscule groups. The cooperating instructor and I developed a new positive behavior plan in hopes of modify the talkative behavior. We develop a plan to give each student a star when we truism them reading, not talking when they are not suppose to be, getting things out quickly for the next subject, or sitting down and doing their work without talking. At the end of the week the students would have the opportunity to cash in their stars for tangible rewards.The class talkative behavior did improve because of the new positive behavior plan that the cooperating instructor and I developed. All of the students stayed in the classroom for most of the day except one student who is on an IEP for a learning disability and minimal brain dysfunction and is currently taking medication. This st udent is only in the classroom for Social Studies/Science and at times for Math. He does join the students for P. E. , music, lunch, recess, T. V. programming, computer, and counseling. There is, also, another student who is ADHD and he is currently taking medication.There are three students who leave to go to the Title I room for reading and there are five students that leave on occasion for math, depending on how untold they are struggling. Three students leave once a week for speech therapy. Once I started direction the whole day, my days went by very quickly. Within an elementary classroom there is always so much going on and with very energetic 1st mugrs I never had a take place to stop moving. I did learn quickly that no matter what you plan in your lesson plans, they change and the teacher brings to adapt to the change.I have found that organization, time and classroom management, flexibility, and communication with other teachers and plaque are a must for teachers. I wa s fortunate to have the opportunity to attend parent/teacher conferences and teacher in-services meetings. I felt that attending these activities helped me better prepare myself as a future teacher. The teacher in-service provided me with wonderful information that I will continue with and take into my classroom. The in-service informed us about the foreign disability, a learning disability.The in-service did not just give me information about LD, it gave me a chance to get along and flavor what it is like have a learning disability. It really opened my eyes and my heart to the LD students. forrader going into my student teaching experience, I was unsure of how I felt about the No nipper Left Behind Act. After being in the classroom and viewing the guided reading groups, I think it is a great way to keep students reading at their level. It benefits all children to achieve and watch in their reading skills, abilities, and levels.If there was only one reading texts for all of th e children, it would only benefit a handful of students. The more move students and the less advanced students would be at a great loss and not be able to succeed at their highest potential. I also believe that there should be separate groups for math. I had students who could have excelled at higher levels in math, but were held back because of the less advanced students. No Child Left Behind Act is very hard for one teacher in the classroom to handle, if they want to be able to get to all of the groups of students and to have them excel.I feel that teachers need an aide within the classroom to assist during the guided reading time. My experience in the 1stgrade classroom has taught me a tremendous amount about being a teacher, organization, time and classroom management, flexibility, and communication. I learned many effective ways to run a classroom, classroom management, and teaching strategies. I feel that I am prepared for a teaching position in a regular rearing classroom. I am looking forward to the challenges, rewards, and positive benefits to teaching children.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Phrenology Essay Example for Free

Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging and Phrenology EssayAfter fmagnetic resonance imaging was first introduced, it has been under criticism that it is not hard science. The most ordinary technique, the BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) functional magnetic resonance imaging, measures the increase in regional cerebral blood flow in result to increase metabolism, which is to be caused from heightened activity of neuron firing (Menon Kim, 1999). Some neurologists believe that this is an indirect way of quantity brain activity, and is not sufficient to support any idea. By many scientists fMRI is often compared to phrenology, a study that once gained popularity in the 19th century. Phrenology is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that received brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules (Fodor, 1983). This is similar to fMRI practitioners attempts to localize brain structure, matching the divided up split of the brain with ac credited functions. Judging whether fMRI is a new form of phrenology concerns two points fMRIs similarities to phrenology, and fMRIs signifi give the gatece to be admitted as the new form. This will besides lead to the question of whether fMRI s flush toilet is meaningful to be presented as evidence in court.The logic of fMRI is straight-forward. Brain parts that light up to a certain stimulus, is related to the function fire by the stimulus. The fMRI machine measures increase in blood flow in brain regions. The regions with increased blood flow appear in brighter colors, in red or yellow (Dobbs, 2005). fMRIs logic of relating higher blood flow and function is similar to that of phrenology, which relates size of lump to function. From this analogy we pile say that fMRI can be considered some form of phrenology. Another reason that fMRI is compared to phrenology is for its limitations (Menon Kim, 1999).MRIs problem rise from the fact that it does not show interactions between p arts. It takes a univariate ascend to the brain, implying that scarce one factor is considered as variable. The current fMRI shows voxels activity as one sum, meaning that it cannot pick up relational or sequential information of brain parts (Dobbs, 2005). Many neurologists believe that brain parts interaction is an important aspect, and fMRIs lack of capacity to do so results in criticism. Compared with the gray phrenology, fMRI shares the same view that brains have localized functions. However, fMRI takes a more scientific approach than the oldish phrenology.Although it has its limitation in presenting spatial information, it does contribute in relating brains structure and the minds function. Although the old phrenology is labeled pseudoscience and no longer acknowledged in the field of science anymore, it has had its contributions. It sparked the idea that mind can be localized, such as language and memory. In the same context fMRI can contribute, still much more than the old phrenology. Although fMRIs blood flow measurement and the actual queasy activity do not perfectly correspond with each other (Dobbs, 2005), significant correlation can be drawn from the fMRI scanning.As for the usage as court evidence, I see fMRI scan valuable as evidence, for fMRI does show some level of correlation of parts of brains and certain activity. fMRI should not be criticized and banned from court just because of its possibility of erroneous conclusion (Hughes, 2010). compensate witnesses testimonies are bound to be wrong, but their testimonies are accepted as evidence. Thus fMRI should be allowed to be presented as evidence in court. However, the juries should be made aware that fMRI scan is an every which way interpreted output, and contain risks of erroneous conclusions.I believe fMRI will gain stronger grounds in the court later in the future though, with the advance of technology as mentioned above. Some compare neurologists with fMRI to molecular biologists wi th light microscopes (Jaffe, 2004), for the reason that the capacity of fMRI is not sufficient for neurological study. It must be taken into account that later light microscopes evolved to electron microscopes, meaning that also fMRI will entreat improved spatial and temporal information in the future. Its potential must be acknowledged, and in the lag there should be efforts to find complementary analysis methods (Hubbard, 2003).

English coursework (Oscar Wilde) Essay Example for Free

limit coursework (Oscar Wilde) EssayIn an essay of 3-4 pages discuss how Oscar Wilde employs stereotypes and concepts from traditional fairy-tales and in invert them in his short stories.In the majority of Oscar Wildes fairytales there ar numerous stereotypic characters and concepts. In an exemplary fairytale there is the good- amounted character, who is rattling important to the digitat of fairytale, for instance a Prince or King, This individual usually, forms an advantageous plane sectionnership with a bi-character such as Princess, Queen, Frog, or a Wizard, this may work in r incessantlyse in rough fairy tales where e. g. the Princess is the clueing character and the King is the sub-role. The enemy of the protagonist is cal conduct as a scoundrel whose notwithstanding existence in a fairytale is to try and prevent the leading character and his/hers acquaintances from saving the mean solar day or more importantly the terra firma.The evil existence is primarily associated with negative images for example bad manners, merciless personality, or the trademark evil express of amusement. In contrast the valiant hero/heroine is linked with a clean depiction. Witches, Dragons, and Wolves are more often than not portrayed as Villains. Fairy-tale writers use techniques in which they lead the lector to believe that the hero/heroine will prevail in the battle against evil, because the story gives the impression that the villain is superior to the central character.Almost ever fairy-tale begins with the opening phrase Once Upon a Time and shoemakers last with and they live blithely ever after. Use of these phrases dissolving agent in the selecter instantaneously recognises that it is a fairy-tale. Castles are prominent buildings in fairytales because most of fairy-tales were written in me dauntval-times where castles were the biggest buildings you would limit, and they are as well related to Kings and Queens.Wilde makes extensive use of tradit ional fairy-tale characters, which do not exist in real life, in his stories such as ogres, giants and talk of the town birds. I think Wilde choose to do this because he knew bizarre creatures put the marrow of his choice crossways much easier to the readers, preteensterren in particular.I know this from The joyous Prince and The Selfish Giant where the spend season is disposed human characteristics and actually given a voice to speak He is too selfish.What separates Oscar Wilde from other writers in Victorian times is that he uses traditional fairy-tale characters to address contemporary issues to express his opinion.In The Happy Prince Wilde embarks upon the bother of poverty and privilege, which were disregarded subjects in that era.When the Prince was alive he lived in the palace of San-Souci, here he wasnt allowed to think the outside world, that didnt bother the Prince because there he had everything he wanted and needed. He was very happy this led to race naming hi m the Happy Prince My courtiers called me The Happy Prince, and happy I was indeed, if pleasure be happiness. In the castle no grief would enter, his courtiers fearing the happy prince would see true misery and sadness. The Prince lived a very luxurious and full-bodied life and was easily pleased with his wealth. When he died they made a statue of him and placed high above the city. From this position he had a respectable view of everything.This meant that he was able to life outside the Palace Beggars starving, children being abused, poverty all this made the Happy Prince grieve because he was powerless to stop any of this as he was a statue. Here Wilde makes a direct comparison between the rich and the poor. Wilde does this to make the reader sympathise with the poor community When the Swallow flies over the city he sees rich people sitting in the warmth of their expensive residences and beggars sitting outside of their gates. The Swallow also spots to children empty-bellied a nd cold lying in each others arms for warmth under a bridge to essay shelter from the heavy rain, yet they are told to leave by the watchman, and they walk back out into the rain. Incidents equal this make the Happy Prince cry every single day as he sits and watches the wretchedness of the city.Wilde sends the gist that human fickleness is a weakness in The Happy Prince. As a statue the Happy Prince was very beautiful and expensive. His body was covered in leaves of alright gold, he has two bright sapphires as look and a large red ruby encrusted in his sword-hilt. The Happy Prince was admired by some(prenominal) people in the city as a consequence of this awe-inspiring appearance. A mother says to her child Why cant you be like the Happy Prince She uses the Happy Prince as a role exemplification for her son, little does know of the Happy Prince but him being a very expensive statue. This show how people judge based on small assumptions of physical appearance only.Eventually the Happy Prince loses all his fine possessions, as he has given them away to those whose needs are greater, and two townsfolk spot the statue. They limit to take it down they compare its value to that of beggarsAs he is no longer beautiful he is no longer useful. The Arts Professor believes that without beauty the statue is useless. This indicates that they didnt place the statue above the city as a symbol representing something with a deep philosophical intent, but merely as an appealing decoration for the city.Wilde also shows some fickleness and its consequences in The Nightingale and the Rose where the nightingale observes a young student who is in love with his teachers daughter. He wants to give her a move up which symbolises his love for her, but cannot afford one. The nightingale sympathises for the young student, he decides to go through agony and in the end release his life to get that rose for him. The student receives the rose, and goes to the professors daughter to ask her if she will accept his rose, but she frowns and says that she has been given far better gifts from another(prenominal) man. The student walks away in disgust and throws the rose into the gutter where gets flattened by a cart-wheel. The nightingales sacrifice was in vein. The student decides to exclude himself from ever loving again and he dedicates the rest of his life to poring over philosophy. This tale has had an important morale stressed by Oscar Wilde. He uses a dramatic ending to underscore his point. He undoubtedly shows the destructiveness of a fickle nature.The fairytale The Selfish Giant explores selfishness and ignorance by portraying the stereotypical character of a giant as a ruthless monster in some part of the story. Wilde uses little children to contrast the enormous giants dominance. When the giant arrives at his castle he finds children playing innocent games in his tend. The giant furiously chases them away and builds a high wall around his garden. As a result of this no seasons but winter enters his doomed garden. As summer, autumn and spring comes and goes one constant modality remains in the giants garden and his only. Wilde uses the endless winter a metaphor for the ongoing sentence of the giants misery, that winter has sentenced him for being selfish and cruel to the children.The giant soon realises his that all that time he was away, the little children had been preserving his garden and now that they were away it was winter forever. He figures this out when he sees one of his trees blossoming because a conclave of children climbed upon it. The giant apologises to the children and breaks down the stone fence and my garden shall be the childrens playground for ever and ever. The giants change of heart causes his garden to blossom and allow the other seasons to enter accordingly. When the giant dies, he goes to paradise. Wilde does this to stress the storys morale and message by showing that if you stop being selfish you wil l be rewarded.Wilde does use many traditional fairytale conventions but still his stories are different from the tradition in a variety of ways. traditionally the good triumph when they have made a noble sacrifice. Wilde doesnt necessarily do this. In occurrence he tends to not do it at all. This is evident in The Nightingale and the Rose where a nightingale unselfishly sacrifices his life for something as minor as getting a red rose to a student who is in love. In the end the student is rejected by the girls he loves, and the nightingales sacrifice was in vein. This story shows that Oscar Wilde will write sorrowful endings if he has to emphasise his point.A reasonable amount of Wildes tales do not introduce the story with the phrase Once upon a time and conclude it with And they all lived happily ever after. Wilde is very attentive in the ways in which he opens a fairy tale, but when it comes to ending one he usually goes with a harsh approach, and does not include psychological t wists. In a world of magic and wonder Wilde does not exclude the use of religious imagery, this is hardly ever done in fairy tale. For example when the Happy Prince and his little assistant the swallow both die doing their heroic deeds. God orders an angel to bring Him the two best things in the city the angel chooses the Happy Prince and the Swallow, because they were recognised for doing good deeds and therefore rewarded with an entry to Gods paradise.In the Selfish Giant we also see Wildes strong belief in God, when the giant dies and allowed entry in Paradise by God, because the giant has bring forth a better individual. I think Wilde does this because he himself believes that good things come to those who deserve it, and he wants to advocate the readers to believe in that too. This is especially aimed at younger readers.Though Wildes stories are fairy tales they bare a resemblance to modern day life. In the beginning of storytelling fairy tales were used as a form of entertai nment and written for that purpose as well. Where Wildes tales differ is when the tales carry a message hidden shadower a great storyline, this not only done to give the reader a good read but also to teach and educate things that they perhaps didnt know or had a different opinion of. Nowadays stories always have these messages in them, but Oscar Wilde was one of the commencement exercise to introduce this style of story-formatting, as readers crave for more than just a good story. The drama and intensity was also quite funny elements Wilde added in his tales. These days drama is an essential ingredient to almost every genre of literature, Wilde was one of the first to discover this, which is one of many reasons why his tales are still loved and admired across the world to this day.

Labeling theory Essay Example for Free

Labeling theory EssayPlease eke place the following exercises, remembering that you atomic number 18 in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. pop I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 colligate stereotypes for each Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability. category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race Asians are genuises Afri so-and-so Americans are amazing at All white people are racist all sports Gender charwoman are moody Women cant drive Men are rude Disability alter people are not smart Disabled are weak Disabled need second with everything Part II event each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? o I do not stand for that there any positive aspects of stereotypes.I know that there are posi tive stereotypes, but in general stereotypes are opinions and are prohibit most of the time. Just about every stereotype that is out there is offensive to fewbody and can hurt someones feelings. For example, a stereotype that hurts me is my weight. People automatically outwear that since I am heavier that I am lazy and do not take care of myself or my kids and that is far from being true. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? o There are many diametric negative aspects of stereotypes.One negative aspect is that a lot of stereotypes are highly offensice to some people and can cause people to become upset or angry. Another negative aspect is that as broad as we have stereotypes people are going to continue being prepossession. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. rig stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. o Stereotypes are unreliable assumptions that are make towards a certain conclave without pickings individual differences into mind.Prejudice is simply a negative military posture towards a group of people. The difference between prejudice and stereotypes is that stereotypes are made towards everyone involved in a certain group whether the opinion be positive or negative stereotypes links everyone in that group to be the same even though they are not. For example, a stereotype would be something like facial expression all gay guys are wimps. Prejudice on the otherhand is completely negative and affects an entire group such as a racial or religious group.An example of prejudice would be something like someone saying they hate all African Americans because their skin is a different color. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? o The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that both of them affect an entire group of people without takin g into consideration the individual differences. Prejudice is the beginning circle of this negativity. People are prejudice and split different people into different groups. Once this is done stereotyping comes into play where people sort those groups into smaller categories by make opinions of the groups without seeing the differences.What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? o There are a few different ways that we can try and prevent prejudice from occurring. One way is bringing up and research. If people took more time to learn about different people and the diversity that we have in this world I think that they would see all of the interesting things in others and would help prevent some of the prejudice. Another way that we can try and prevent prejudice is by eliminating stereotypes and not labeling people.

Guest Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

knob triumph EssayGuest gratification at bottom the Hospitality Industry is very of import and essential. hardly when a eatery exhibit passing(prenominal) knob it can be successful for a semipermanent period of meter. Guests will only when come keister and spend very much m angiotensin-converting enzymey when the particular brass supplies their penurys and necessitate. Many aspects can modulate the happiness of thickenings. However cardinal main aspect which can run the satisfaction is the choice of provide members. They represent the restaurant and when they argon non good in their avocation it casts a damning light on the establishment. Guests will not recommend a restaurant which possesses cock-a-hoop provide members who be not polite or motivated. Within the supply quality in that location argon several aspects which should be fulfilled in orderliness to get a invitee satisfactory lymph node. so the main question of this Module Assignment w ill be Which step in props of the staff quality play the customer satisfaction. publications ReviewIn this assignment we will determine the topic staff quality and the different aspects which are linked with it. In the following Literature Review we will target a closer look on the serving time and the Service quality of staff and the stereotypes inside the Hospitality industry. Service time of staff The service time has become an extremely all-important(a) office of service quality in spite of appearance the hospitality industry. There is a complex analogyship among the waiting multiplication and the over exclusively customer satisfaction because this will only be negative assessed when the costumer perceived the waiting time to be longer than what they found to be reasonable. Because nigh restaurants deliver so ofttimes quality in tangible offerings, they can distinguish themselves from their competitors by the quality of service ( completelyen, 1999). A convey was developed to examine twain factors in singingship to the waiting times. The first part of the take aim was the dissemble of waiting times at various stages of the service process on perceived customer satisfaction. And the encourage part of the study was What is the impact of company training activity on service time efficiency.For the study 8 of the homogeneous casual dinings of one particular chain werefollowed. Only in 4 restaurants the managers talked to their staff active the service time issues every day before the shift started. 2 of these restaurants to a fault called out the time between the orders were taken and it left the kitchen. The otherwise 4 restaurants didnt go for a meeting or something about waiting times.The various stages of waiting time that were studied were stretch greet time e pass before guest was greeted at door Seating time lapsed before guest was greeted at the table Drink Service wait time after order was taken Order time amount of time lap sed after order was taken-Check back time time lapsed after pabulum was received Payment time how long guest waited for change/Credit Card SlipThe gives showed that the 4 restaurant that had roundn about the waiting time in all studied stages of waiting were on time and the percentages of the other 4 restaurants were always lower. The two restaurants that also called out the time during the shifts had a table turn (the length of time a guest would occupies a table at the Restaurant) of a very low 40 minutes. The two restaurants that only spoke about it before the shift had a table turn of 48 minutes and the other 4 had a table turn of over 50 minutesFor the study there were also secret shoppers who went to the restaurant and after the visit had to give there rating. The mystery shoppers were asked about multiple items although the service times were most heavily rated. The 4 restaurants that spoke about waiting time were considered an excellent rating. The 4 that didnt speak abo ut waiting time were overall considered a below average rating with improvements needed. Service quality of staff Service quality can be seen as a very important factor when it comes to guest satisfaction (Melih Madanoglu, 2004). Service quality is the consumers judgment about an overall heights quality or excellence. Itcan be crucial in the overall performance of an organization and enable it to differentiate itself from competitors to net competitive advantage(Jannadi, 2001 St notwithstandings et al.,1995). If the guests experience a good service there is a high candidate that they will recommend the restaurant where they get down eaten to other people. Everything depends on a good relationship between the customer and the staff. Many researchers carry out surveys about the dimensions of service quality and all had different solutions because kindred Parasuraman says the dimensions of SQ is generic. So it can be said that every dimension has to be adapted to the different re staurant and to the different target group they want to attract (Parasuraman, 1985). However when you look to the different results the researchers got from their surveys there are always some dimensions which appear every time. These words are reliability, staff behavior and their attitude to guests, patness and natural quality of the staff. both of these aspects have to be fulfilled to get a quelled customer. Guests want to have a staff member who is nice, self-confident and friendly (behavior). Further more than they want to see waiters/waitresses who the interchangeable their job and are blessed to have them as guests (attitude). They also appreciate it to get their food and there drinks in an adequate time (timeliness). Finally customers feeling more comfortable when they have employees, who care for personal hygiene, have the right clothes and smell nicely. Stereotypes in the hospitality Customers will form their judgment base on the employees personal appearances, the c ustomers pre-established abideations, and the environment in which the interaction occurs (Lockwood Jones, 1989). When there isnt much information about these mentioned aspects, the customers will form impressions of the restaurant by looking to the staff members (observable cues). Race, sex, age, occupations and physical attractiveness are examples of these observable cues. These may connote differences in status and competence to observers (Berger et al., 1977). This is all about stereotypes and this plays an important role in human judgment. Stereotyping is the process of ascribing characteristics to people on the basis of their group memberships (Oakes et al., 1994). Selecting the trounce employees for service encounters is critically important for customer satisfaction and, ultimately, an organizations success but how to do this when customers base their perceptions on stereotypes? The research of H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur analyzed the effects of gender stereotypes on the perc eived service qualityunder gilded and unfavorable service quality conditions in fine dining restaurants. The results showed that under favorable service quality conditions, the respondents perceived service quality with regards to a fe phallic server on tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy dimensions was better than that of a male server. On the other hand, under unfavorable service quality conditions, there were no statistical differences in the respondents perceived service quality on the service rendered by a womanish server or a male server (H.-F. Luoh S.-H. Tsaur). Another form of stereotyping is the fact that people expect better service from someone of the analogous sex simply because they feel they might be more comfortable interacting with them (Fisher et al., 1997).Mind-MapSub questionsFor specifying the main question of this research paper which is Which stand in dimensions check the guest satisfaction, three cuneus questions were phrased. These wedge sh ape questions were phrased after making the mind-map and analyzing the literature review. 1. Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction? 2. Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction? 3. Does the urge of staff have an influence on the guest satisfaction?MethodologyThis chapter provides information about how the study was carried out. It dealt with the wedgeject from which the data were collected, the neb which was used in collecting the data and how this tool was used for the subject from which the data were collected (sample, pecker and mathematical operation). Sample This research study is carried out by 55 students of the Stenden University Hotel School. To collect the data for the study, the students have visited 16 different restaurants. Two of these restaurants were pizzerias and two were sushi restaurants. 15 of the restaurants are located in the city of Leeuwarden. Only one is located in another city called Sneek. The price range of the restaurants lies betweenthe 8,50 and 36,25 . Some of the restaurants were visited by more than two people at the same time. Because of this fact a table is presented beside the text which shows the different restaurants and how umpteen people have visited each of them. Instrument The instrument which was used for the study was a questionnaire with a Likert-scale from 1-10. The questionnaire focussed on different points. Those points are Hygiene, common behavior, attitude, speed of staff service, language, posture, gesture, knowledge, appearance and presentment and general satisfaction. The questionnaire shows also other aspects The gender of the server, the gender of the student and the average spending per person in the restaurant. Procedure All the 55 students chose a restaurant of their interest. The questionnaire with the Likert-scale from 1-10 was brought to the restaurant. The students filled in the questionnaire during or after the dinner in a discrete manner. It h as to happen like this because staff of the restaurant should not get influenced by the fact that they were observed. later every of the 55 students had dinner in the restaurant of his/her choice, all the questionnaires were collected. All the answers of the questionnaires were put in a clear table in excel.ResultsIn the following chapter the results of the quantitative questionnaire for the restaurant visit will be presented. The focus of the questionnaire was laying on the question Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction. For answering this question scatter plots and descriptive statistics were used. With the help of these methods it could be found out which sub dimensions were most equally valued and which variable were the most elect one. The first method is the mode. It can be seen in it that most of the participants valued the sub dimensions of the staff quality which were given in the questionnaire with a high mark, which substance that a round all probands were satisfied with the quality of the staff in the restaurant they have chosen. Hygiene, general behaviour, attitude, speed of staff, language and general satisfaction were valued with an 8 and posture, gesture, knowledge and appearance/ demonstration with a 7. match to thisit can be said that the most participants of the study were more satisfied with the first six sub dimensions which can be seen in the table below than with the 4 sub dimensions which are following (look at table 2). Table 1 Descriptive statistic for the ModeHygiene 8 ordinary demeanour 8Attitude 8Speed of staff 8Language 8 global Satisfaction 8 behave 7Gesture 7Knowledge 7Appearance and presentation 7The foster method which was used for analyzing the data of the questionnaire was the scatter plot. Therefore the different sub dimensions of the questionnaire were taken in relation with the variable General Satisfaction. From the nine valued variables which were compared, four of them were mos t significant. Those four were therefore the variables which had the highest relation to General Satisfaction.2 The first scatter plot in figure one dealt with the relation Appearance/presentation and General Satisfaction. The dots which can be seen in it lie very close to each other and to the regression line as well which means that almost all of the participants of the questionnaire valued both variables almost with the same mark. The next scatter plot which lives to figure 1 focused on the sub dimensions Posture and General Satisfaction. It is cognizable that the dots of this plot did not lie that close together like they did in the previous relation which means that the participants did not all had the same assessment about both sub dimensions. The ensuing scatter plot showed how similar the probands valued the relation of General doings and General Satisfaction. Here it can be seen that the dots were further apart than in the other two plots. This finding showed that even m ore participants than in the other scatter plots valued differently and therefore did not have chosenthe same mark. The last scatter plot in figure 1 concentrated on the crew Language and General Satisfaction. It pointed out that the dots of this one had the highest spreading of all four scatter plots.The minute of this is that only a small amount of the probands valued this relation with the same mark. All in all it can be said that the combination Appearance/presentation and General Satisfaction are the relation which the probands of the questionnaire valued most equally. Mostly all of them had the same opinion about this proportion and have undergo it in a similar way. On the other hand Language and General Satisfaction though is the relation which was assessed most differently. The people who filled out the questionnaire had therefore all a different opinion about this combination. Figure 1 Visualization of the four significant variablesIn the end it can be said that the reas on why the sub dimensions average spending per person and the gender of sever were not involved in the analysis is that both criteria didnt give enough information for a meaty and helpful conclusion.DiscussionIn the chapter of Discussion the findings of the literature review, the results of the questionnaire and therefore also the answer of the three sub questions will be discussed in detail. In the end a few limitations and recommendations on the process and procedure of the research will be named. Students of the Stenden hogeschool carried out a research study about staff quality. All of the students had to form groups and visit a restaurant of their choice. During the visit a questionnaire had to be filled out. This questionnaire consisted of several variables which belong to the topic staff quality like Hygiene, General Behaviour or knowledge of the staff. Those sub dimensions had to be assessed with the help of a likert scale from 1 to 10, whereat 10 meant excellent. After all that, each group had to formulate a main and three or four sub questions concerning staff quality and guest satisfaction. With the help of those questions the results of the questionnaire had to be analyzed. The main question of this paper was Which sub dimensions of the staff quality influence the guest satisfaction. For narrowing down this question a bitthree sub questions were formulated. Those sub questions are Does the behavior of staff members influence the guest satisfaction?, Does the Appearance of staff influence guest satisfaction? and Does the speed of staff has an influence on the guest satisfaction?. In the result chapter it could be seen that especially five sub dimensions influence the thinking of the guests. One of these sub dimensions is General Behaviour. After it got taken in relation with General Satisfaction it was cognizable that the people who valued General Behaviour also assessed General Satisfaction almost with the same mark. The mode also showed that Gene ral Behaviour were valued from almost all of the probands with an 8 which means that all the staff members in the different restaurants behaved in the correct way. This finding expresses therefore that a good behaviour of the staff influences the guest satisfaction in a positive way. It also reinforces the first sub question whether the behaviour of staff members influence the guest satisfaction. Also different researchers of the text Validating Restaurant Service musical note Dimensions which was edited in the Literature Review say that a friendly and polite behaviour of the staff members is very important for get happy and satisfactory guest.The next sub question was about the sub dimension Appearance and presentation of staff and in how far it influences the satisfaction of guests. Concerning the results of the questionnaire, it is cognizable that also this variable influences the guest satisfaction. This conclusion was provable by looking at the relation of Appearance/present ation and General Satisfaction. The probands of the questionnaire had mostly the same opinion about the Appearance and presentation of staff as well as about the General Satisfaction. That means that when they have a special opinion about the first sub dimension they transfer it also to their overall satisfaction. In the mode the variable Appearance/presentation was assessed with a 7 which means that the majority of the participants were satisfied with this sub dimension. Also the General Satisfaction was valued with a high mark so it could be said that the Appearance and presentation of staff influenced the satisfaction of the participants in a positive way too. In the literature review the author of the text Gender Stereotypes and ServiceQuality in Customer Waitperson Encounters also said that the guests always pay attention to the appearance of the staff members. When they are not dressed adequate or looking cultivate people might think that the food they serve will also be dirt y and contaminated. Because of this a neat outward appearance is important for making the guests feel comfortable and giving the feeling that everything is hygienic.Only when the guests feel comfortable they are satisfied and happy during and the restaurant visit. These findings confirmed therefore the second sub question whether the Appearance and presentation of staff influences the guest satisfaction. The last sub question dealt with the variable speed of staff and in how far it influences the guest satisfaction. In comparison to the other two sub dimensions, this variable showed another outcome. In the results it was cognizable that only a few of the participants of the questionnaire valued speed of staff with the same mark which means that they did not have the same opinion about this sub dimension. Whereas the first two variables were valued almost the same like General Satisfaction, speed of staff was assessed differently. Because of that this variable does not influence thei r overall satisfaction that much like General Behaviour and Appearance and presentation of staff These findings also answer the last sub question whether speed of staff influences the guest satisfaction. Although the text called Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions which was worked on in the Literature Review had to be expressed that speed of staff is important for getting satisfactory guests, it seemed that this variable is not that relevant for the participants of this questionnaire. During the analysis of the results two limitations concerning the questionnaire appeared. The first limitation would be that it is not viable to find out which sub dimensions are most important for the guest satisfaction which is normally one of the most essential questions for interpreting in how far staff quality influences the overall satisfaction of guests within a restaurant. A recommendation would be to formulate another question at the bottom of the questionnaire concerning the ma gnificence of the sub dimensions. With this question it would be possible to analyze which aspect is the most important one within staff quality. The second limitation is that only a few people were surveyed. The results would be more secure if more groups would have had to fill out the questionnaire. It is onlypossible to formulate meaningful theses concerning a proper(postnominal) topic if a bigger group will be asked because only then it can be make sure that it is not a coincidence when a participant assesses a variable with a good or bad mark. When a bigger amount of probands value a variable with the same mark it is more probable that it really deserves this assessment.ReferencesAndersson, D., Mossberg. (2004). The dining experience do restaurants satisfy customer needs?. Food Service Technology. 4, 171-177. Louh, Hsiang-Fei, Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung. (2007). Gender Stereotypes and Service Quality in Customer Waitperson Encounters. Total Quality Management. 18 (9), 1035-1054. M adanoglu, M. (2004). Validating Restaurant Service Quality Dimensions. Journal of Foodservice Business research. 7(4), 127-147. Tobin, R., Huffman, M.(?) . Examining the Impact of Service Times on Overall Guest Satisfaction Perception in the Casual Dining Environment. FIU Review. 24 (1), 42-48.

Closure of a large amount of mental hospitals

Closure of a large amount of genial infirmarys at that place be umpteen dry lands as to why such a large amount of rational hospitals closed in(p) down, but to explore the reasons why they closed, we must look at the rise of the large institutions between the nineteenth century and the 1980s to understand its de eat up, why so many were built and why, for a small clock period, they were successful.The psychic hospital is defined as a hospital for the misgiving and discourse of unhurrieds affected with penetrating or chronic mental illness. Between the 19th century and the 1980s, the mental hospital has been defined as the carer for mental illness. But after this golden age of care for mental illness, it has become a dupe of decareration ever since leading to a decrease in mental hospitals and its admissions, but why?The discharge of a patient was once known as a spartan thing as it symbolised the success of that hospital by means of moral give-and-take (later repl aced by psychiatric treatment) but even before this in that respect was a much harsher system with the use of goods and services of chains and straightjackets existence the norm. As in the case of King George ternary who himself suffered from mental illness patients were non seen as human beings, he was encaged, starved and beaten. The philosophy that therefore true was the goal of a cure, to treat the patient in a therapeutic environment, To remove the patient from the center of those circumstances under which insanity has been produced must be the first aim of treatmentAn entire metamorphose in the surroundings go out some periods of itself lead to rec everywherey (Bean and Mounser 1993, 4 quoting Busfield, 1986)The mental hospital in truth began in Victorian times hospitals were intentionally structured to be different from ordinary hospitals in footing of therapy, structure and location. (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 190). As where the general hospitals in the vicinity o f a highly populated area, a mental hospital would have been deliberately built in a place that is not so populated. The mental hospital (or asylum as it was once known) is seen as a conventional and humane way with dealings with the mentally ill one of the first legal accomplishments to recognise this was the Lunacy Act of 1845 which made local counties build asylums and gave the authority to detain lunatics, idiots and persons of unsound mind. (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 190). It was enforced and regulated by the Lunacy Commission. At the time the only place for the mentally ill to go to were workhouses and private madhouses. As mentioned before this moral treatment was in reception of the harsh treatment normally given. One of the first institutions to use moral treatment was the York Retreat, The York Retreat was opened in 1796 by the English Quaker community as a reaction against the harsh treatment used by other asylums. The belief at the time was that the mad were barbari c beasts. The retreat was opened from The consciousness felt by a small group of citizens of an overwhelming friendly evil in their midst (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010,198 quoting Jones 196040), although state-run asylums did not pick up this form of treatment for a while.Andrew Scull, an American sociologist argued that the mass amount of people detained in asylums was a product of urbanization, industrialisation and professional forces during the first fractional of the 19th century and that detainment in asylums was a way to control amicable difference.(Rogers and Pilgrim 2010,190) The increase in profit labour meant that services were not trusty enough to deal with this new form of social deviance meaning that the mentally ill could not be looked after by the family or local community, and well-nigh this time the stigma of how mental illness was a loss of humanity changed to the loss of self -control among the public. stave the French sociologist Michel Foucault sees that this new found market economy promotes rationality, surveillance and discipline(Rogers and Pilgrim 2010,190) But with this change of direction in the treatment of the mentally ill, many institutions began to fill up with patients rapidly overfilling local magistrates estimates, which lead to several extensions to a mental hospital. An example of this is the Conley Hatch mental hospital in London which opened in 1851 and boot out down in 1993 and at its peak it held 3,500 patients.Many institutions promoted that they had the cure for mental illness, which conduct to a coarse surge in patients. In 1998, Gittens produced research into a mental hospital in Essex and followed the lives of staff and patients in the hospital and found many contradictions about mental hospitals. He found In relation to women patients it is make water for example that the hospital, based as it was on men-only and women-only wards constituted a women-only space and true asylum in a social context in which the re was little such space in remote community life (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 191) He overly found that there needs to be a limit against outside forces such as social, economic and political conditions as they affect peoples abilities to deal with such material.As mentioned, its primary ideals were to treat patients with moral treatment yet this was forgotten about early on in its life, with the exaggerated numbers which local magistrates didnt expect and such serious illnesses, political bodies were urging to keep cost down. Legal acts such as The Mental Treatment Act 1930 which allowed voluntary admissions to mental hospitals, it was also the act that got rid of the term asylum, and many mental hospitals found that it was not necessary to keep voluntary patients institutionalised. This led to a slight decrease in patients but it wasnt until the 1950s that its fall became apparent. G dourman (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 192) found that there were intravenous feeding types of instit utions because of thisNursing homes, where the incapable are cared forSanatoriums for those who have who have an unwanted threat to the community.Prisons, where the welfare of the inmate is not of paramount brillianceMonasteries and convents for those who volunteer to be away from the worldIn 1948 the NHS was created, this led to all mental institutions being free for everyone, psychiatrists wanted this to broaden their field of acquire. The Mental Health Act of 1959 aimed to provide informal treatment for mentally ill patients with the possibility of detaining a patient against his/her willOne of the starting points of the crisis was in 1961, Enoch Powell, the minster of Health at the time, believed that mental hospitals were doomed institutions, so in 1961 he drafted The Hospital Plan where he planned to build thousands more hospitals and abolish certain mental institutes. The discharge of patients had become the insurance of the demise of the asylum, subsequently the Community care blue book was published which offered an alternative system to the mental hospital where mentally ill patients would see a specialist for an appointment just like a systematic doctor, the patient could then carry on with their lives and live at home. The patient could live a somewhat regular life and would stop the segregation from normal society it would entail the patient receiving treatment in a non-asylum setting such as in a partition general hospital psychiatric unit. However it is argued that it is society that made the patient mentally ill in the first place, within the institutions there is a guaranteed market for experts services where specialists could hone their skills, yet the asylum grew out of a need to relieve oneself a social order. The asylum had many problems as Goffman points out, he believes in the mortification of self when being admitted to a mental hospital, with self being defined as being constructed by the pattern of social control which exists i n an institution.(Rogers and Pilgrim 2010,192) The persons past identity is carry throughly stripped, their movement is restricted, hospital issue clothes are given and any personal belongings are taken away, they are then obliged to deprive their former selves through confessions with the staff, there is no such thing as privacy and freedom of excerption is extremely limited with all activities on a schedule.Wings (1962) research shows that feelings of withdrawal and apathy in patients was caused by their length of stay in a ward and the neglect of a stimulating environment, good medical leadership is not enough to reduce these feelings in patients, as he says it is unlikely that the functions of am energetic reformer can be built in to the social structure of an institution. As lavatory Connolly points out once confined, the very confinement is admitted as the strongest of all proofs that man must be mad. by 1990 the average asylum held 961 compared to in 1930 which held 1221 . Once the asylum had reached its peak size, it realised that the patient was losing their individuality through being guided by the institutions rules this resulted in a problematized re-entry into society. Originally the asylums were urged to be built by humanitarians, at present the opposite is true, community care is now seen to be therapeutic and humanitarian, their return to the community legitimised community care as it deflected forethought away from the demise of state responsibility for the seriously mentally ill and the menstruum crisis of abandonment. (Bean and Mounser 1993, 8) During the time where many large institutions were on the brink of collapse Martin (1985) conducted research into what they were failing, he found that many of the failures were with the nursing staff whom participated in inhumane, brutal and threatening behaviour and committed mass negligence on their patients. He asked two questions. How do trained carers become to behave contrary to profess ional standards? And how have hospitals been arranged in such a way that abuse and neglect have not been prevented? To answer he found 6 pointsLarge institutions were situated outside mass populated areas meaning they were cut off from the communityWards were isolated from each other, and were almost their own little worldUn trained and un experienced staff were left to deal will large amounts of unruly patients,The worst wards were the ones rarely visited by a specialist, difference the junior staff to do the work leading to a lack of leadershipThere was a lack of staff development through staff training courses etcThere was a huge lack of privacy for the patients(Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 194) These factors led scholars to doubt that the large asylums could be put right and doubted that they could be reformed. They believe that there is a huge corruption of care.Ultimately every single patient will leave a mental institute whether they are ready to return into society or not and the goal is to cease contact with the hospital afterwards, scholars believe that the hospital, now in a community based system, has less of an importance it once had and is only one institution among others. The community based system is where the patient makes their first and cash in ones chips contact with treatment, they will enter the hospital for a short time and continue their treatment in the community as their treatment does not require hospital admission. This process is known as deinstitutionalisation as patients will not be treated by hospital based treatment and instead will be by community based psychiatrists. However this is not new, in the old system the patient may have made his/her first contact with a G.P and then sent to a mental hospital for treatment, although this has not changed there are now community psychiatric teams to send the patient to the hospital and to treat them inside and outside the hospital, The old system had a sole focus on the hospital, today it no longer directs, controls nor dictates the pace of treatment or care (Rogers and Pilgrim 2010, 196)There is a whole drift of reasons discussed as to the demise of mental hospitals, one reason is the pharmalogical revolution which suggests that the advances in medical treatments, such as tranquilizers let patients be discharged in mass numbers, the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1952 made it easier to sell disturbed behaviour, and therefore easier to open wards that had been locked, to engage patients in social activities, and to discharge some of them into the community Rogers and Pilgrim 2010,197 quoting Gelder et al 2001,769)Scull blames economic determinism and decareceation for this massive decline in the use of mental hospitals, he believes that it was state sponsored policy of closing down asylums, with the emergence of the welfare state, segrative control mechanisms became too expensive. Inflation contributed by unpaid patient labour and cost of employees, ex-patie nts also required care which had considerable costs, community care was the cheaper option. Another reason would be the shift of focus from chronic conditions to acute conditions such as depression and anxiety which has been draw as the common cold for mental health specialists, these acute conditions were once treated by mental hospitals but it has shifted to the GP and is soft treated by them meaning that the majority of people with mental heathland problems never seek specialist treatment. Additionally, as mentioned before community care played a of import role in the downfall of asylums, many specialists found that a change of scenery was very full to the patient, even patients with long-term chronic illnesses can return to society and live in community residences with good results making the mental hospital useful for a short period yet quickly and easily disposed of at point of departure no longer serving any purpose nor use to the ex-patient. However many studies have foun d that many psychiatric wards are non-therapeutic and that they share the same problems as they did in the Victorian era, mainly because , according to Goffman, they act as a repair garage a problem is brought in, fixed and then sent out. Only medication is given, total care is not. A study conducted by Braginsky, Braginsky and Ring (1973) found that the minor patients all wanted to go home, while the more serious cases had no interest in leaving and instead maximised their comforts in the hospital as theyd sort of stay in the hospital than become a victim of poverty outside.The focus has also shifted to the cause and solution of mental health, epidemiology (the study of patterns of health and illness in public health) and treatment were apart(p) in the era of the mental hospital, today they are much closer, the hospital has disappeared leaving the attention to the inequalities in mental health prevention and positive mental healthTo conclude, the mental hospital has made leaps an d boundary in the field of mental health with its aim to understand mental health scientifically and seek to cure mental illness, even though that was deemed impossible. Its failure was mainly due to costs and the shift of attention to other fields of treatment. Yet two types of institution has been created due to this, community mental health centres and district general hospital units both modern in their treatment. Although there are still many similarities, high risk patients are still held against their will. Overall the care is much more professional, information is available over the internet, telephone or even the television, but more importantly there is a focus on the patients life and freedom, many may argue that the government still no longer offers a complete care system, but its a start.