A Focus On Research Methodology Business Essay

A Focus On enquiry Methodology worry Essay3.1 IntroductionThe previous chapter discussed about the existing literature of how the foundation knead and harvest-feast feel rung works within a company. This chapter resulting focus on investigate methodology which is the objurgate of method, providing a systematic technique to accomplish head teacher aims and objectives and interrogation questions. As per Kumar (2005), motion methodology is the elbow room to answer all the explore questions. The police detective pass on clarify the examples of enquiry methods and in like manner it go forth illustrate the correct process to meet the look for aims and objectives, in initialiseion collection process and evaluation of the selective information.The sum point of any seek is to entropy collection and the synopsis. Saunders et al. (2009, p-106) described this nucleus point as a centre of an onion which has different layers that wish to be peeled away to get into the centre point. This onion is cognize as a look for onion, which is shown belowFigure 3.1 Research onion plant Source Saunders et al. (2009)3.2 Research school of thought accord to Saunders et al. (2009) enquiry philosophy is the precondition that develops the knowledge and in that location is a strong relation between the nature of that knowledge and the question. To support to select the query strategy method it is all- weighty(prenominal) to take the supposition of the look for. As per Johnson and Clark (2006) decl atomic number 18d in Saunders et al. (2009, p.108) the management and subscriber line police detectives pauperization to be awargon of the philosophies that be chosen for question report. They besides added the significance of the enquiry need to understand by investigation.In addition, there is been supportive statement by Saunders et al. (2009, p.108), The important issue is not so much whether our query should be philosophically informed, but it is h ow well we be able to reflect upon our philosophical choices and defend them in relation to the elections we could pay adopted. According to research onion from Saunders et al. (2009, p.108), there are four main(prenominal) areas which c all over the research philosophy. These are as followsPragmatismInterpretivismRealism logical positivism3.2.1 PragmatismIn research philosophy pragmatism is the some important de circumstanceination that focuses on the research question. In this part it is also likely to argue within both positivist and interpretivist view. This is also applicable for mulish surface. It sustains to collect and analyze information by integrating different perspectives. (Saunders et al. (2009, p.109)3.2.2 InterpretivismThe term interpretivism stands for, as a detective it is affectd to be aware of the contrast between humans in their role as loving actors. According to Saunders et al. (2009, p.116),The difference between strikeing research among peopl e rather than objects such as trucks and computers. The term social actors is quite significant here. In the same way we interpret our everyday social roles in accordance with the meaning we construct to these roles. In addition, we interpret the social roles of others in accordance with our own set of meaning.3.2.3 RealismRealism is another important point of research philosophy which focuses on scientific enquiry. In other word, the existence of autonomous creation of the human mind is the realism. As per Saunders et al. (2009, p.114), quoted that,The philosophy of realism is that there is a reality quite independent of the mind. In this sense, realism is opposed to idealism, the conjecture that only the mind and its contents exist. Realism is a branch of epistemology which is equal to positivism in that it assumes a scientific approach to the development of knowledge.3.2.4 incontrovertiblenessPositivism is the epistemological view that promotes working with a clear social re ality. As a researcher when reflects their research with positivism philosophy, then that research adopt the natural scientist philosophical stance. Saunders et al. (2009, p.113)The research idea came from the bloodline background knowledge of author which has driven to develop the knowledge of product behavior cycle and understructure process from the guest perception of Nokia mobile phone. To generate a research it is important to develop research supposition. According to Porte (2010), in sight to focus the study, to give the flow of reading, researcher should able to meet the research question or possibleness. As a researcher the following hypothesis can be identifiedH1 Rapid changes in the product attributes over last few years as clients taste changes with diversified culture.H2 applied science facilitated more innovation and increasing rate of product obsolescence resulting changes in the product life cycle strategy.H3 Growing trend of open market rescue is the reas on of innovation.3.3 Research approachesThe final outcome of the research is determined by the way the project is being contriveed. This is the first step to investigate the phenomenon and the type philosophy that pass on be guided to investigate the process. As Saunders et al. (2009, p.124) give tongue to thatThe extent to which you are clear about the theory at the set out of your research raises an important question concerning the design of tour research project. This is whether your research should use the deductive approach, in which you develop a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) and design a research strategy to trial the hypothesis, or the inducive approach, in which you would collect data and develop theory as a result of your data analysis, insofar as is useful to attach these research approaches to the different research philosophies.There are twain types of research approaches. These are as followdeductive approachInductive approach3.3.1 Deductive approachDed uctive approach is the method of purely formed theories arises as a generalization from observable data that are going to be explained. This approach was first introduced by Sir Isaac Newton (1643- 1726) in the late seventeenth century. (Holzinger, 2010).Research hypothesis and theory can be tested by collecting and analysis the data. According to Saunders et al. (2009, p.125), the theoretical plan of research approach needs to test by implementing the strategy which is particularly designed to test the hypothesis. Moreover Pathirage et al. (2008) added, deductive approach moves from theory to data.3.3.2 Inductive approachThis is an alternative approach to conduct the research. Drosg (2009) stated that, inductive research depends on the reading of data values, which is a set of data of statically analysis. This kind of research is forthwith involved with the management research, because it involve with data analysis, issues and problems. Afterwards the researchers develop the theo ry ground on those investigations.However, Crowther and Lancaster (2008) mentioned that inductive approach is flexible for sample size of it and data, because it does not require any established theory.Deductive emphasisesInductive emphasisesscientific principlesGaining an understanding of the meanings humans attach to events.Moving from theory to dataA close understanding of the research contextThe need to explain unconcerned relationship between variables.The collection of soft data.The collection of quantitative data.A more flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis as the research progresses.The application of controls to ensure validity of data.A realisation that the researcher is part of the research process.The operationalisation of concepts to ensure clarity of definition.Less concern with the need to generalise.A highly structured approach.Researcher independence of what is being researched.The fate to select samples of sufficient size in order to genera lise conclusions. evade 3.1 Major differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research. Source Saunders et al. (2009, p.127)This research is to design to investigate the impact and influence of product life cycle and customer perceptions on business innovation strategy. As per above discussion, this research will conduct through deductive approach. This will apply the related theory of product life cycle and innovation process it will also find out the effectiveness of these theories with Nokia mobile company.3.4 Research designResearch design reflects on research questions. This is to be contingent with research objectives which are obtained from research questions. Saunders et al. (2009, p.137) stated that, researcher need valid reason for research design and the justification of research rely on research questions, objectives and research philosophy. According to Heppner et al. (2008) research design is the centre component of scientific inquiry and the most diffic ult part is selecting a research design whose strengths and weaknesses help the researcher to examine research questions.3.5 Research StrategyResearch strategy is the general plan to answer the research questions. As per Saunders et al. (2009, p.141) no research strategy is inherently superior this is not important which label is accustomed with strategy, but this is most important whether this strategy will allow the researcher to answer the research questions. The following research strategy can be identified (Saunders et al.,2009, p.141)ExperimentSurveyCase studyAction researchGrounded theoryEthnographyArchival researchExperiment This type of research is based on natural science research. However, social science and curiously psychology types of research are dip into this category. This involves with a link of two variables.Survey This is a deductive research. The main area of this research is business and management research. As a result, it more likely exercised for explorat ory and descriptive research.Case study Robson (2002, p.178) cited in Saunders et al. (2009, p.145) a strategy for doing research which involves an observational investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple of evidence. Case study mainly concentrates to educe and understand the knowledge of a specific area.Action research This research is concerned about the change management and collaboration with practitioner and researcher. This is a management research.Grounded theory This is an inductive research. Here theory is developed and data is generated by kick upstairs observation.Ethnography The strategy that focus on the commentary and interpretation of the social world from the first hand side. This type of research is very time consuming.Archival research This final strategy considers the administrative records and documents for its principle source of data.From above discussion, it has been decided by the author, this researc h subject field will go along with case study strategy. This research is based on theory of product life cycle and innovation strategy, which is fall into deductive approach and supported by this strategy. This research will ground the knowledge of product life cycle and innovation process by collecting the information from Nokia Research Centre and will compare with the most up to date theory.3.6 data collection methodThere are two kinds of data collection process for research project (Saunders et al. (2009). These are as follow first-string(a) data andSecondary data.3.6.1 Primary dataThe data gathered solely for research purposes to meet the research question is know as simple data. Saunders et al. (2009, p.598) quoted, data self-contained especially for the research project being undertaken. The primary data can be accumulate through interviews, surveys, questionnaires and discussions. This reflects on the real scenario of the project and there is presence of brass by the petty(a) data.3.6.2 Secondary dataThe data that postulate already been published and reanalysing for some other reason is called secondary data. According to Saunders et al. (2009, p.256-258) secondary data contains both raw and published data. These data can be both quantitative and qualitative and can be employ in both descriptive and explanatory research. Secondary data can be collected through documentary, multiple source and survey.Advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary dataAdvantagesDisadvantagesPrimary DataSpecifically addresses the research questionCollecting and analysing data can be expensiveReliability, credibility and accuracy are knownResearcher must have the necessary skills to conduct primary researchCan address almost any research questionPrimary research is time consumingSecondary DataCan be very cost effectiveReliability, credibility and accuracy may not be knownCan usually be gathered chop-chopUnits of measurement may not be appropriateDoes no t require the same expert skills as primary data collectionData may not be presented in a usable formatInterpretation and analysis skills are still requiredData may be untimely or out of dateSource or sponsor of the research may not be known circumvent 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data Source Morgan and Summers (2005)This research will conduct by collecting both primary and secondary data to make water the aims and objectives. Secondary data will be collected from journals, newspapers, internet (online publications) and specially Nokia Research Centre (NRC). The primary data will be collected by conducting questionnaire design on 200 customers to get the outcome of the customer perception of Nokia mobile phone.3.7 Quantitative vs. QualitativeSaunders et al. (2009, p. 151) quoted that,Quantitative is predominantly used as a synonym for any data collection techniques (such as questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (such as graphs or statistics) that ge nerates or uses numerical data. In contrast, qualitative is used predominantly as a synonym for any data collection techniques (such as an interview) or data analysis procedure (such as categorising data) that generates or uses non- numerical data.The researcher will use both quantitative and qualitative data for this research. However, this research is mostly based on qualitative data as this research will consider with the modern theory of product life cycle and innovation process. The quantitative data will also be considered to calculate the customer perceptions.3.8 Evaluation techniquesEvaluation techniques depend on the types of research and how the data will be analysed. The researcher will analyse both quantitative and qualitative data. There are some specific ways to measure these kinds of data. UWE (n.d.) stated that, the quantitative data analysis often consider descriptive and illative statistics. Qualitative data analysis may do by considering analysis of visual data and analysis of narrative data.To evaluate the both primary and secondary data, the researcher will represent them with graphical, tabular and chart context. The researcher will also investigate the Nokia Research Centre (NRC) website for their product life cycle and innovation strategy to compare with the most recent situation.3.9 LimitationsThis research project has certain limit in context of the entire study. However, this limitation can be taken as a scope for further research. The first limitation of this study is not taking any primary data direct from Nokia head office, which is situated in Europe and this research is conducting from London.3.10 SummaryThis study will collect the data from secondary sources and purpose questionnaires for the customers. This methodology of the task can be a number of procedures that have followed to prepare a meaningful report. The findings and analysis will be discussed in the following chaper.